16. The Application of Principles of Classical Conditioning to the Therapeutic Situation.
(Systematic Desensitization and Aversive Counter Conditioning)
-Classical conditioning is done by pairing a neutral stimulus with a conditioned stimulus. An example of classical conditioning is Pavlov's experiment by pairing the sound of a bell with a dog's stimulus to salivate when it get food. Systematic desensitization is based on the idea of classical conditioning and is usually used to overcome the fear of response of a phobia. The client faces their phobia multiple times until they are deeply relaxed around it. Aversive counter conditioning is also based on classical conditioning, this form of treatment is mainly used on alcoholics. This treatment is when a negative stimuli is paired up with an unwanted behavior.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BfV99d34G4
This video is an example of aversive counter conditioning, as the unwanted behavior is the bear keep coming into the area, while the negative stimuli is loud noises. The picture shows an example of systematic desensitization.
(Systematic Desensitization and Aversive Counter Conditioning)
-Classical conditioning is done by pairing a neutral stimulus with a conditioned stimulus. An example of classical conditioning is Pavlov's experiment by pairing the sound of a bell with a dog's stimulus to salivate when it get food. Systematic desensitization is based on the idea of classical conditioning and is usually used to overcome the fear of response of a phobia. The client faces their phobia multiple times until they are deeply relaxed around it. Aversive counter conditioning is also based on classical conditioning, this form of treatment is mainly used on alcoholics. This treatment is when a negative stimuli is paired up with an unwanted behavior.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BfV99d34G4
This video is an example of aversive counter conditioning, as the unwanted behavior is the bear keep coming into the area, while the negative stimuli is loud noises. The picture shows an example of systematic desensitization.
17. The Components of Instrumental Conditioning.
-Instrumental conditioning is also known as Operant Conditioning, as described by B.F. Skinner. This is learned behavior by association between a behavior and a consequence of the behavior. An example of this type of conditioning would be, every time a rat goes to eat or drink, it either hears a loud noise or an electrical shock from the floor, the rat will stop eating because it knows it will have a consequence.
Website: http://www.indiana.edu/~p1013447/dictionary/instcond.htm
This website explains instrumental conditioning. The picture shows an example of instrumental conditioning.
-Instrumental conditioning is also known as Operant Conditioning, as described by B.F. Skinner. This is learned behavior by association between a behavior and a consequence of the behavior. An example of this type of conditioning would be, every time a rat goes to eat or drink, it either hears a loud noise or an electrical shock from the floor, the rat will stop eating because it knows it will have a consequence.
Website: http://www.indiana.edu/~p1013447/dictionary/instcond.htm
This website explains instrumental conditioning. The picture shows an example of instrumental conditioning.
18.
Positive/Negative Reinforcement- Positive reinforcement is adding a stimulus after desired behavior is performed. Negative reinforcement is a certain stimulus is removed after desired behavior is performed.
Positive/Negative Punishment- Positive punishment is adding a negative punishment after unwanted behavior is performed. Negative punishment is subtracting a wanted stimulus, or privilege, after unwanted behavior is performed.
The Different Schedules of Reinforcement- This is a rule saying which behaviors will be reinforced, as the goals of both positive and negative reinforcement is to strengthen the behavior.
Discriminative Stimuli- This is the response when the behavior is reinforced.
Shaping- Shaping is reinforcing behaviors a person is trying to get their subject to perform.
Website: http://bcotb.com/the-difference-between-positivenegative-reinforcement-and-positivenegative-punishment/
This website further explains and provides example for positive/negative reinforcement and positive/negative punishment. The picture shows how reinforcement may affect the animal or person.
Positive/Negative Reinforcement- Positive reinforcement is adding a stimulus after desired behavior is performed. Negative reinforcement is a certain stimulus is removed after desired behavior is performed.
Positive/Negative Punishment- Positive punishment is adding a negative punishment after unwanted behavior is performed. Negative punishment is subtracting a wanted stimulus, or privilege, after unwanted behavior is performed.
The Different Schedules of Reinforcement- This is a rule saying which behaviors will be reinforced, as the goals of both positive and negative reinforcement is to strengthen the behavior.
Discriminative Stimuli- This is the response when the behavior is reinforced.
Shaping- Shaping is reinforcing behaviors a person is trying to get their subject to perform.
Website: http://bcotb.com/the-difference-between-positivenegative-reinforcement-and-positivenegative-punishment/
This website further explains and provides example for positive/negative reinforcement and positive/negative punishment. The picture shows how reinforcement may affect the animal or person.
19. The Application of Principles of Instrumental Conditioning to the Therapeutic Situation.
(Behavior Modification) Compare/Contrast Instrumental and Classical Conditioning.
-Instrumental, or operant, conditioning is applied to the therapeutic situation through giving a reward, with no worth, to the client for good behavior, which can be exchanged a prize in the future. This form of conditioning is mainly used on children to promote positive behavior in public. Instrumental conditioning is when behavior is learned is learned through reinforcement, as you perform behavior A you are rewarded and will continue to repeat behavior A, while when you perform behavior B you are punished and you are less likely to repeat behavior B. Classical conditioning is a connection between two stimuli, such as if a dog salivates every time he gets food and every time he gets food he hears a bell, the dog will begin to salivate every time he hears the bell as he is expecting food.
Video: http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/classical-conditioning-vs-operant-conditioning-differences-and-examples.html#lesson
This video talks about the differences between operant and classical conditioning, as well as giving examples of each. The picture shows the difference between classical and instrumental conditioning.
(Behavior Modification) Compare/Contrast Instrumental and Classical Conditioning.
-Instrumental, or operant, conditioning is applied to the therapeutic situation through giving a reward, with no worth, to the client for good behavior, which can be exchanged a prize in the future. This form of conditioning is mainly used on children to promote positive behavior in public. Instrumental conditioning is when behavior is learned is learned through reinforcement, as you perform behavior A you are rewarded and will continue to repeat behavior A, while when you perform behavior B you are punished and you are less likely to repeat behavior B. Classical conditioning is a connection between two stimuli, such as if a dog salivates every time he gets food and every time he gets food he hears a bell, the dog will begin to salivate every time he hears the bell as he is expecting food.
Video: http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/classical-conditioning-vs-operant-conditioning-differences-and-examples.html#lesson
This video talks about the differences between operant and classical conditioning, as well as giving examples of each. The picture shows the difference between classical and instrumental conditioning.
20. Determinism- Skinner.
-Determinism is the theory that something happens because of previous events, not by the will of the person. This may also be described as fatalism, as determinism is the result of fate. If an event happens there must be a cause behind it, an event cannot just happen out of nowhere. An event or series of events, lead up to another event.
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlJf48sv6Jo
This video explains the concept of determinism
The picture better explains determinism.
-Determinism is the theory that something happens because of previous events, not by the will of the person. This may also be described as fatalism, as determinism is the result of fate. If an event happens there must be a cause behind it, an event cannot just happen out of nowhere. An event or series of events, lead up to another event.
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlJf48sv6Jo
This video explains the concept of determinism
The picture better explains determinism.